昨天正式開始 Android 編程學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐，由于 Android 模擬器在 WinXP 下一直未安裝成功，所在將閑置很久的 Android 手機(jī): 聯(lián)想 A750 找到用于調(diào)試。

A750 是 Android 版本是: 2.3.6，在手機(jī) 上打開 USB 調(diào)試功能后，就可以通過 USB 線與 PC 連接進(jìn)行調(diào)試了。
調(diào)試的主要功能是 Socket 通訊，手機(jī)做為服務(wù)器端。先用 PC 做為客戶端。后期的客戶端是車機(jī)，車機(jī)的系統(tǒng)可能是 WinCE 或 Android。
開始之前，先了解了一下 Android 編程的基本知識(后附個人學(xué)習(xí)記錄的知識點(diǎn))，然后學(xué)習(xí)了關(guān)于 Socket 編程的知識。

其中 一個關(guān)鍵的知識點(diǎn)是線程與主進(jìn)程之間的消息傳遞機(jī)制，主要是線程中的消息傳遞到主進(jìn)程。例如：

mHandler.sendMessage(msg);

手機(jī)端代碼如下(XML就不提供了，很簡單，大家看圖就知識的)：
/*
?* 通過 ?WIFI 網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行 Socket 通訊成功, 手機(jī)的 IP: 172.25.103.4(隨個人網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境變化)
?* 測試使用 360 隨身 WIFI, PC 機(jī)的 IP: 172.25.103.1
?* */

package?com.jia.leozhengfirstapp;


import?java.io.IOException;
import?java.io.InputStream;
import?java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import?java.net.ServerSocket;
import?java.net.Socket;


import?android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import?android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import?android.os.Bundle;
import?android.os.Handler;
import?android.os.Message;
import?android.util.Log;
import?android.view.Menu;
import?android.view.MenuItem;
import?android.widget.TextView;
import?android.widget.Toast;




public?class?MainActivity?extends?ActionBarActivity?{


	private?Socket?clientSocket?=?null;
	private?ServerSocket?mServerSocket?=?null;


	private?Handler?mHandler?=?null;


	private?AcceptThread?mAcceptThread?=?null;
	private?ReceiveThread?mReceiveThread?=?null;
	private?boolean?stop?=?true;
	
	private?TextView?ipText;
	private?TextView?rcvText;
	private?TextView?ConnectStatusText;
	
????@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
	@Override
????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{
????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
????????
????????ipText?=?(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
????????rcvText?=?(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView3);
????????ConnectStatusText?=?(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView4);
????????
????????ConnectStatusText.setText("連接狀態(tài):?未連接");
????????
????????//?消息處理
????????mHandler?=?new?Handler()
????????{
????????????@Override
????????????public?void?handleMessage(Message?msg)
????????????{
????????????????switch(msg.what)
????????????????{
????????????????????case?0:
????????????????????{
????????????????????	String?strAddress?=?(msg.obj).toString();
????????????????????????ipText.setText("IP地址:?"?+?strAddress);
????????????????????????Log.v("Leo:?IP:?",?strAddress);
????????????????????????ConnectStatusText.setText("連接狀態(tài):?已連接");
????????????????????????//?顯示客戶端IP
????????????????????????//?ipTextView.setText((msg.obj).toString());
????????????????????????//?使能發(fā)送按鈕
????????????????????????//?sendButton.setEnabled(true);
????????????????????????break;
????????????????????}
????????????????????case?1:
????????????????????{
????????????????????	String?strRcv?=?(msg.obj).toString();
????????????????????????rcvText.setText("接收到數(shù)據(jù):?"?+?strRcv);
????????????????????????Log.v("Leo:?Rcv:?",?strRcv);
????????????????????????//?顯示接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
????????????????????????//?mTextView.setText((msg.obj).toString());
????????????????????????break;
????????????????????}?????????????????
????????????????}???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
????????????}
????????};
????????
????????mAcceptThread?=?new?AcceptThread();
????????//?開啟監(jiān)聽線程
????????mAcceptThread.start();
????}




????@Override
????public?boolean?onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu?menu)?{
????????//?Inflate?the?menu;?this?adds?items?to?the?action?bar?if?it?is?present.
????????getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main,?menu);
????????return?true;
????}


????@Override
????public?boolean?onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem?item)?{
????????//?Handle?action?bar?item?clicks?here.?The?action?bar?will
????????//?automatically?handle?clicks?on?the?Home/Up?button,?so?long
????????//?as?you?specify?a?parent?activity?in?AndroidManifest.xml.
????????int?id?=?item.getItemId();
????????if?(id?==?R.id.action_settings)?{
????????????return?true;
????????}
????????return?super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
????}
????
????//?顯示Toast函數(shù)
????private?void?displayToast(String?s)
????{
????????Toast.makeText(this,?s,?Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
????}
????
????private?class?AcceptThread?extends?Thread
????{
????????@Override
????????public?void?run()
????????{
????????????try?{
????????????????//?實(shí)例化ServerSocket對象并設(shè)置端口號為?12589
????????????????mServerSocket?=?new?ServerSocket(12589);
????????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????????
????????????try?{
????????????????//?等待客戶端的連接（阻塞）
????????????????clientSocket?=?mServerSocket.accept();
????????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????????
????????????mReceiveThread?=?new?ReceiveThread(clientSocket);
????????????stop?=?false;
????????????//?開啟接收線程
????????????mReceiveThread.start();
????????????
????????????Message?msg?=?new?Message();
????????????msg.what?=?0;
????????????//?獲取客戶端IP
????????????msg.obj?=?clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
????????????//?發(fā)送消息
????????????mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
????????}
????}




????private?class?ReceiveThread?extends?Thread
????{
????????private?InputStream?mInputStream?=?null;
????????private?byte[]?buf;??
????????private?String?str?=?null;
????????
????????ReceiveThread(Socket?s)
????????{
????????????try?{
????????????????//?獲得輸入流
????????????????this.mInputStream?=?s.getInputStream();
????????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????}
????????
????????@Override
????????public?void?run()
????????{
????????????while(!stop)
????????????{
????????????????this.buf?=?new?byte[512];
????????????????
????????????????//?讀取輸入的數(shù)據(jù)(阻塞讀)
????????????????try?{
????????????????????this.mInputStream.read(buf);
????????????????}?catch?(IOException?e1)?{
????????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
????????????????????e1.printStackTrace();
????????????????}
????????????????
????????????????//?字符編碼轉(zhuǎn)換
????????????????try?{
????????????????????this.str?=?new?String(this.buf,?"GB2312").trim();
????????????????}?catch?(UnsupportedEncodingException?e)?{
????????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
????????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????????}
????????????????
????????????????Message?msg?=?new?Message();
????????????????msg.what?=?1;????????
????????????????msg.obj?=?this.str;
????????????????//?發(fā)送消息
????????????????mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
????????????}
????????}
????}
}

1) 先通過 WIFI 進(jìn)行 Socket 通訊
運(yùn)行后，在手機(jī)上顯示的未連接界面如下圖:


在 PC 上運(yùn)行類似于 SocketTool.exe 的工具，SocketTool.exe 的顯示界面如下：

Socket 連接后，手機(jī)上顯示的界面如下圖：

2) 通過 USB 實(shí)現(xiàn) PC 與手機(jī)的通訊
在 PC 上實(shí)現(xiàn)一個 Java 小應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用的主要代碼如下：

try
{
????Runtime.getRuntime().exec("adb?forward?tcp:12581?tcp:12589");
}
catch?(IOException?e)
{
????e.printStackTrace();
}


Socket?socket?=?null;
try
{
????InetAddress?serverAddr?=?null;
????OutputStream?outStream?=?null;
????byte[]?msgBuffer?=?null;
????
????serverAddr?=?InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
????System.out.println("TCP?1"?+?"C:?Connecting...");


????socket?=?new?Socket(serverAddr,?12581);	//?12581?是?PC?的端口，已重定向到?Device?的?12589?端口
????
????String?message?=?"PC?ADB,send?message";
????msgBuffer?=?message.getBytes("GB2312");
????
????outStream?=?socket.getOutputStream();
????outStream.write(msgBuffer);
????Thread.sleep(10000);
}
catch?(UnknownHostException?e1)
{
????System.out.println("TCP?2"?+?"ERROR:?"?+?e1.toString());
}
catch?(IOException?e2)
{
????System.out.println("TCP?3"?+?"ERROR:?"?+?e2.toString());
}?catch?(InterruptedException?e3)
{
	//?Thread.sleep(1000);?增加的異常處理
	e3.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
????try
????{
????????if?(socket?!=?null)
????????{
????????????socket.close();		//?關(guān)閉時(shí)會導(dǎo)致接收到的數(shù)據(jù)被清空,所以延時(shí)?10?秒顯示
????????}
????}
????catch?(IOException?e)
????{
????????System.out.println("TCP?4"?+?"ERROR:?"?+?e.toString());
????}
}

運(yùn)行后，在手機(jī)上顯示的界面如下圖:

以下是學(xué)習(xí)中記錄的一些個人認(rèn)為需要掌握的知識點(diǎn)，由于偶是從零開始學(xué)習(xí)的，所以有經(jīng)難的朋友們可以直接忽略此部分：
Intent 用法:

Uri?myUri?=?Uri.parse?("http://www.flashwing.net");
Intent?openBrowserIntent?=?new?Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW?,myUri);
startActivity(openBrowserIntent);


Intent?openWelcomeActivityIntent=?new?Intent();
openWelcomeActivityIntent.setClass(AndroidStudy_TWO.this,Welcome.class);
startActivity(openWelcomeActivityIntent);

從源 Activity 中傳遞數(shù)據(jù)

//?數(shù)據(jù)寫入?Intent
Intent?openWelcomeActivityIntent=?new?Intent();
Bundle?myBundelForName=?new?Bundle();
myBundelForName.putString("Key_Name",inName.getText().toString());
myBundelForName.putString("Key_Age",inAge.getText().toString());
openWelcomeActivityIntent.putExtras(myBundelForName);
openWelcomeActivityIntent.setClass(AndroidBundel.this,Welcome.class);
startActivity(openWelcomeActivityIntent);

// 從 Intent 中獲取數(shù)據(jù)

Bundle?myBundelForGetName=?this.getIntent().getExtras();
String?name=myBundelForGetName.getString("Key_Name");

從源請求 Activity 中通過一個 Intent 把一個服務(wù)請求傳到目標(biāo) Activity 中

private?Intent?toNextIntent;?//Intent?成員聲明
toNextIntent?=?new?Intent();?//Intent?定義
toNextIntent.setClass(TwoActivityME3.this,SecondActivity3.class);
//?設(shè)定開啟的下一個?Activity
startActivityForResult(toNextIntent,REQUEST_ASK);
//?開啟?Intent?時(shí)候?，把請求碼同時(shí)傳遞

在源請求 Activity 中等待 Intent 返回應(yīng)答結(jié)果，通過重載 onActivityResult() 方法

@Override
protected?void?onActivityResult(int?requestCode,int?resultCode,?Intent?data)
{
??//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
??super.onActivityResult(requestCode,?resultCode,?data);
??if?(requestCode?==?REQUEST_ASK)
??{
????if?(resultCode?==?RESULT_CANCELED)
????{
??????setTitle(?"Cancel****"?);
????}
????else?if?(resultCode?==?RESULT_OK)
????{
??????showBundle?=?data.getExtras();?//?從返回的?Intent?中獲得?Bundle
??????Name?=?showBundle.getString("myName");?//?從?bundle?中獲得相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
??????text.setText("the?name?get?from?the?second?layout:n"?+?Name);
????}
??}
}

* 第一個參數(shù)是你開啟請求 Intent 時(shí)的對應(yīng)請求碼，可以自己定義。
* 第二個參數(shù)是目標(biāo) Activity 返回的驗(yàn)證結(jié)果碼
* 第三個參數(shù)是目標(biāo) Activity 返回的 Intent

目標(biāo) Activity 中發(fā)送請求結(jié)果代碼，連同源 Activity 請求的數(shù)據(jù)一同綁定到 Bundle 中通過 Intent 傳回源請求 Activity 中

backIntent?=?new?Intent();
stringBundle?=?new?Bundle();
stringBundle.putString("myName",Name);
backIntent.putExtras(stringBundle);
setResult(RESULT_OK,backIntent);?//?返回?Activity?結(jié)果碼
finish();

使用服務(wù)進(jìn)行音樂播放
Manifest.xml中的 Service 定義

Service 子類中的 Player

public?void?onStart(Intent?intent,?int?startId)?{
??super.onStart(intent,?startId);
??player?=?MediaPlayer.create(this,?R.raw.seven_days);
??player.start();
}
public?void?onDestroy()?{
??super.onDestroy();
??player.stop();
}

Activity 中定義 的 Intent開啟相應(yīng)的

startService(new?Intent("com.test.service.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"));
stopService(new?Intent("com.test.service.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"));

DisplayMetrics?displaysMetrics=?new?DisplayMetrics();
//DisplayMetrics?一個描述普通顯示信息的結(jié)構(gòu)，例如顯示大小、密度、字體尺寸
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(displaysMetrics);
//getManager()?獲取顯示定制窗口的管理器。
//?獲取默認(rèn)顯示?Display?對象
//?通過?Display?對象的數(shù)據(jù)來初始化一個?DisplayMetrics?對象


標(biāo)題欄/狀態(tài)欄隱藏?(?全屏?)
//?隱藏標(biāo)題
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
//?定義全屏參數(shù)
int?flag?=?WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN?;
//?獲得窗口對象
Window?myWindow?=?this.getWindow();
//?設(shè)置?Flag?標(biāo)識
myWindow.setFlags(flag,flag);

Button 按下的處理:

press?=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Click_Button);

(1)

press.setOnClickListener(new?Button.OnClickListener()
{
??@Override
??public?void?onClick(View?v)
??{
????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
??}
});

(2)

press.setOnClickListener(this);
@Override
public?void?onClick(View?v)
{
??switch(v.getId())?/*?根據(jù)?ID?判斷按鈕事件?*/
??{
????case?R.id.Click_Button:
????{
????}
????break;
????default:
????break;
??}
}

Toast--Android 專屬浮動小提示
(1) 顯示文本: Toast.makeText
(2) 顯示圖像:?

/*?創(chuàng)建新?Toast?對象?*/
Toast?showImageToast=?new?Toast(this);
/*?創(chuàng)建新?ImageView?對象?*/
ImageView?imageView=?new?ImageView(this);
/*?從資源中獲取圖片?*/
imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.?argon?);
/*?設(shè)置?Toast?上的?View--(ImageView)*/
showImageToast.setView(imageView);
/*?設(shè)置?Toast?顯示時(shí)間?*/
showImageToast.setDuration(Toast.?LENGTH_LONG?);
/*?顯示?Toast*/
showImageToast.show();

模擬器調(diào)試:

socket?=?new?Socket("10.0.2.2",?12589);	//?如果用?localhost?不能成功連接