1 YCbCr顏色空間

YCbCr顏色空間是YUV顏色空間的縮放和偏移版本。Y定義為8bit,標稱顏色范圍為16-235；Cb和Cr標稱顏色表示范圍為16-240。YCbCr的采樣格式一般有4:4:4、4:2:2、4:1:1、和4:2:0。

1.1 4:4:4 YCbCr格式

圖1表示4:4:4格式YCbCr采樣點的定位。每個采樣點有Y、Cb和Cr值，每個顏色值的顏色分量為8bit（典型），因此每個采樣點24bit。

圖1 4:4:4采樣

1.2 4:2:2 YCbCr格式

圖 2表示4:2:2格式YCbCr采樣點定位。對于每兩個水平Y采樣點，有一個Cb和一個Cr采樣點。

圖2 4:2:2協(xié)調位置采樣

2 matlab YCbCr444轉YCbCr422

首先將rgb圖像轉為YCbCr444然后再由YCbCr444轉為YCbCr422。

close all
clear all
clc
 
I=imread('1.bmp');
 
[H ,W ,D]=size(I);
 
R=double(I(:,:,1));
G=double(I(:,:,2));
B=double(I(:,:,3));
 
 
Y0= double(zeros(H,W));
Cb0 =double(zeros(H,W));
Cr0 = double(zeros(H,W));
 
Cb1 =double(zeros(H,W/2));
Cr1 = double(zeros(H,W/2));
CbCr = double(zeros(H,W)); %RGB轉YCbCr444 for i = 1:H for j = 1:W
 Y0(i, j) = 0.299*R(i, j) + 0.587*G(i, j) + 0.114*B(i, j);
 Cb0(i, j) = -0.172*R(i, j) - 0.339*G(i, j) + 0.511*B(i, j) + 128;
 Cr0(i, j) = 0.511*R(i, j) - 0.428*G(i, j) - 0.083*B(i, j) + 128; end end for i=1:1:H for j=2:2:W
 Cb1(i,j/2)=(Cb0(i,j-1)+Cb0(i,j))/2; end end for i=1:1:H for j=2:2:W
 Cr1(i,j/2)=(Cr0(i,j-1)+Cr0(i,j))/2; end end for i=1:1:H for j=1:1:W if rem(j,2)==0 CbCr(i,j)=Cr1(i,j/2); else CbCr(i,j)=Cb1(i,(j+1)/2); end end end Iycbcr(:,:,1)=Y0;
Iycbcr(:,:,2)=Cb0;
Iycbcr(:,:,3)=Cr0;
 
Iycbcr=uint8(Iycbcr);
Y0=uint8(Y0);
Cb0=uint8(Cb0);
Cr0=uint8(Cr0);
 
Cb1=uint8(Cb1);
Cr1=uint8(Cr1);
CbCr=uint8(CbCr);
 
figure(1),
subplot(211),imshow(I),title('RGB');
subplot(212),imshow(Iycbcr),title('YCbCr444');
 
figure(2),
subplot(221),imshow(Cb1),title('Cb1');
subplot(222),imshow(Cr1),title('Cr1');
subplot(223),imshow(Cb0),title('Cb0');
subplot(224),imshow(Cr0),title('Cr0');
 
figure(3),
subplot(211),imshow(Y0),title('Y0');
subplot(212),imshow(CbCr),title('CbCr');

Cb2和Cr2

CbCr交錯顯示

3 fpga的仿真實現(xiàn)

`timescale 1ns/1ps module YUV444_422 ( input clk, input rst_n, input iVsync, input iHsync, input iDVAL, input[23:0] YUV444_D, output reg oVsync, output reg oHsync, output reg oDVAL, output reg[15:0] YUV422_D
 ); reg iDVAL_reg0,iDVAL_reg1,iDVAL_reg2,iDVAL_reg3; reg iVsync_reg0,iVsync_reg1,iVsync_reg2,iVsync_reg3; reg iHsync_reg0,iHsync_reg1,iHsync_reg2,iHsync_reg3; reg[8:0] YUV444_Cr_Sum0; reg[8:0] YUV444_Cb_Sum0; wire [7:0] temp_Y,temp_Cb,temp_Cr; reg [7:0] temp_Y0,temp_Y1,temp_Y2,temp_Y3; reg [7:0] temp_Cb0,temp_Cb1; reg [7:0] temp_Cr0,temp_Cr1; reg[7:0] Cr,Cb,Crbuf; reg Sel; assign temp_Y=YUV444_D[23:16]; assign temp_Cb=YUV444_D[15:8]; assign temp_Cr=YUV444_D[7:0]; always@(posedge clk) begin iDVAL_reg0 <= iDVAL;
iDVAL_reg1 <= iDVAL_reg0;
iDVAL_reg2 <= iDVAL_reg1;
iDVAL_reg3 <= iDVAL_reg2;
oDVAL <= iDVAL_reg3; end always@(posedge clk ) begin iVsync_reg0 <= iVsync;
iVsync_reg1 <= iVsync_reg0;
iVsync_reg2 <= iVsync_reg1;
iVsync_reg3 <= iVsync_reg2;
oVsync <= iVsync_reg3; end always@(posedge clk) begin iHsync_reg0 <= iHsync;
iHsync_reg1 <= iHsync_reg0;
iHsync_reg2 <= iHsync_reg1;
iHsync_reg3 <= iHsync_reg2;
oHsync <= iHsync_reg3; end always@(posedge clk ) begin //delay 3 clock Y  temp_Y0<=temp_Y;
 temp_Y1<=temp_Y0;
 temp_Y2<=temp_Y1;
 temp_Y3<=temp_Y2; //delay 2 clock Cb  temp_Cb0<=temp_Cb;
 temp_Cb1<=temp_Cb0; //delay 2 clock Cr  temp_Cr0<=temp_Cr;
 temp_Cr1<=temp_Cr0; //delay 1 clock  YUV444_Cr_Sum0 <= temp_Cr1 + temp_Cr0;//cr0+cr1  YUV444_Cb_Sum0 <= temp_Cb1 + temp_Cb0;//cb0+cb1  //delay 2clock  Cr <= YUV444_Cr_Sum0[8:1];
 Cb <= YUV444_Cb_Sum0[8:1]; end always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(~rst_n)
 Sel <= 1'b0; else if(iDVAL_reg3)
 Sel <= ~Sel; else Sel <= 1'b0; end always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin if(~rst_n)
 YUV422_D <= 16'd0; else if(iDVAL_reg3) begin YUV422_D[15:8] <= temp_Y3;
 YUV422_D[7:0] <=(!Sel)?Cb:Crbuf;
 Crbuf <= Cr; end end endmodule 

fpga實現(xiàn)CbCr22