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title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" 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title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸技術(shù)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對該裝置的開發(fā)與研制。通過微處理器完成對環(huán)形電磁耦合陣列線圈與接收線圈耦合度的檢測，只對耦合度最高的線圈供電，使得用電設(shè)備無論處于何種方向,總有一個發(fā)送線圈與用電設(shè)備的接收線圈接近于全耦合。避免了電能浪費和電磁輻射，實現(xiàn)了用電設(shè)備可以在一定范圍任意移動，保證了電能傳輸?shù)母咝省?br />關(guān)鍵詞： 無線電能傳輸； 電磁耦合陣列； 傳輸效率； 電磁耦合； 傳輸距離

隨著用電設(shè)備的增加，電線和插座也隨之大量制造和使用，造成大量物質(zhì)和能源的消耗，導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染。傳統(tǒng)電能傳輸采用有線傳輸方式,但在很多場合并不適用，如深海作業(yè)機(jī)器人、心臟起搏器、磁懸浮列車等[1-3]。電能無線傳輸一直是人類的夢想,國內(nèi)外科學(xué)家在此領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了不斷的研究與探索。
目前，無線電能傳輸主要有三種方式[4-5]：(1)微波電能傳輸方式。該方式利用無線電波收發(fā)原理，通過對載波進(jìn)行調(diào)制與解調(diào)實現(xiàn)傳輸電能，傳輸功率只能在幾毫瓦至一百毫瓦之間，應(yīng)用范圍不大；(2)電磁感應(yīng)無線電能傳輸方式。該方式利用變壓器原副邊耦合原理，通過交變電場和磁場傳輸電能，傳輸功率大、效率高，但距離很近,僅在1 cm內(nèi)，目前已在軌道交通等方面應(yīng)用；(3)諧振耦合電能無線傳輸方式,它是前兩種的綜合方式。該方式利用電路中電感電容諧振原理傳輸電能，理論上電能的傳輸功率、傳輸距離不受限制。
　 本文提出了一種基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸技術(shù)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對該裝置的研制。實驗表明，通過微處理器完成對環(huán)形電磁耦合陣列線圈與接收線圈耦合度的檢測，控制只對耦合度最高的線圈供電，使得用電設(shè)備無論處于何種方向，總有一個發(fā)送線圈與用電設(shè)備的接收線圈接近于全耦合，保證了電能傳輸?shù)母咝省?br />1 諧振耦合模型
　 為了便于分析諧振耦合過程的發(fā)生，本文僅取一組發(fā)生諧振耦合的收發(fā)線圈LS與LD進(jìn)行等效電路分析。由于功率發(fā)送設(shè)備采用的均為高頻信號發(fā)射[6]，所以收發(fā)線圈的寄生電阻和電容是不可忽視的，其等效模型如圖1所示。其中D表示收發(fā)線圈之間的距離，M表示收發(fā)線圈之間的互感系數(shù)。

本文提出的基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸技術(shù)，在設(shè)計中加入了由多個發(fā)送線圈組成的電磁耦合陣列，再經(jīng)控制系統(tǒng)搜索耦合程度最大的線圈,從而鎖定由該線圈獨立供電，使無線電能傳輸過程中的效率始終保持最高。
2 電磁耦合陣列定位
基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸裝置整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計如圖2所示。通過微處理器控制電磁耦合陣列中每個線圈單獨供電并檢測供電電流，由微處理器搜索到耦合程度最大的線圈從而鎖定由該線圈獨立供電。接收線圈通過電磁感應(yīng)接收能量,并通過橋式整流器給用電設(shè)備供電。電磁耦合陣列由多個發(fā)送線圈組成，其空間結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3所示。

微處理器完成數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制指令的發(fā)出，電磁耦合陣列與接收線圈之間形成電磁耦合，接收線圈通過橋式整流器將接收到的交流信號進(jìn)行整流。A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器將整流后的直流電壓送入微處理器進(jìn)行分析與處理，最后由微處理器送出控制指令。電磁耦合陣列電氣連接圖如圖4所示。