單片機(jī)對(duì)SD卡讀寫(xiě)系列（一）
SD卡，是一種基于半導(dǎo)體快閃記憶器的新一代記憶設(shè)備，SD于1999年8月研制成功，其重量只有2克。但卻擁有高記憶容量、快速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率、極大的移動(dòng)靈活性以及很好的安全性。SD卡也很容易重新格式化，有廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如音樂(lè)、電影、新聞等多媒體文件都可以方便地保存，數(shù)碼相機(jī)也開(kāi)始支持SD卡。SD卡容量最高能達(dá)到4GB。
SD卡在24mm×32mm×2.1mm的體積內(nèi)結(jié)合了〔SanDisk〕快閃記憶卡控制與MLC（Multilevel Cell）技術(shù)和Toshiba（東芝）0.16u及0.13u的NAND技術(shù)，通過(guò)9針的接口界面與專(zhuān)門(mén)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器相連接，不需要額外的電源來(lái)保持其上記憶的信息。而且它是一體化固體介質(zhì)，沒(méi)有任何移動(dòng)部分，所以不用擔(dān)心機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)的損壞。
SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)是一種基于半導(dǎo)體閃存工藝的存儲(chǔ)卡，1999年，由日本松下、東芝及美國(guó)SanDisk公司共同研制完成。2000年，這幾家公司發(fā)起成立了SD協(xié)會(huì)(Secure Digital Association簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)SDA)，陣容強(qiáng)大，吸引了大量廠商參加。其中包括IBM，Microsoft，Motorola，NEC、Samsung等。在這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)廠商的推動(dòng)下，SD卡已成為目前消費(fèi)數(shù)碼設(shè)備中應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種存儲(chǔ)卡。SD卡具有大容量、高性能、安全等多種特點(diǎn)的多功能存儲(chǔ)卡，它比MMC卡多了一個(gè)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)著作權(quán)保護(hù)的暗號(hào)認(rèn)證功能(SDMI規(guī)格)，讀寫(xiě)速度比MMC卡要快4倍。
好了，既然這么好，我們?cè)谶@里給出51單片機(jī)讀寫(xiě)2G SD卡程序:
#include //程序通過(guò)調(diào)試
#include
//===================================
//定義SD卡需要的4根信號(hào)線
sbit SD_CLK = P3^7;
sbit SD_DI = P3^5;
sbit SD_DO = P3^6;
sbit SD_CS = P3^4;
//========================================
//定義按鍵端口
sbit KEY = P2^7;
//========================================
//定義512字節(jié)緩沖區(qū)，注意需要使用 xdata關(guān)鍵字
unsigned char xdata DATA[512];
void delayms(unsigned int count)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i
{
for(j=0;j<260;j++);
}
}
//=======================================
//寫(xiě)一字節(jié)到SD卡,模擬SPI總線方式
void SdWrite(unsigned char n)
{
unsigned char i;
for(i=8;i;i--)
{
SD_CLK=0;
SD_DI=(n&0x80);
n<<=1;
SD_CLK=1;
}
SD_DI=1;
}
//===========================================================
//從SD卡讀一字節(jié),模擬SPI總線方式
unsigned char SdRead()
{
unsigned char n,i;
for(i=8;i;i--)
{
SD_CLK=0;
SD_CLK=1;
n<<=1;
if(SD_DO) n|=1;
}
return n;
}
//============================================================
//檢測(cè)SD卡的響應(yīng)
unsigned char SdResponse()
{
unsigned char i=0,response;
while(i<=8)
{
response = SdRead();
if(response==0x00)
break;
if(response==0x01)
break;
i++;
}
return response;
}
//=========================================================
//發(fā)命令到SD卡
void SdCommand(unsigned char command, unsigned long argument, unsigned char CRC)
{
SdWrite(command|0x40);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[0]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[1]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[2]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[3]);
SdWrite(CRC);
}
//=========================================================
//初始化SD卡
unsigned char SdInit(void)
{
int delay=0, trials=0;
unsigned char i;
unsigned char response=0x01;
SD_CS=1;
for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
SdWrite(0xff);
SD_CS=0;
//Send Command 0 to put MMC in SPI mode
SdCommand(0x00,0,0x95);
response=SdResponse();
if(response!=0x01)
{
return 0;
}
while(response==0x01)
{
SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
SD_CS=0;
SdCommand(0x01,0x00ffc000,0xff);
response=SdResponse();
}
SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
return 1;
}
//================================================================
//往SD卡指定地址寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù),一次最多512字節(jié)
//unsigned char SdWriteBlock(unsigned char *Block, unsigned long address,int len)
unsigned char SdWriteBlock(unsigned long address,int len)
{
unsigned int count;
unsigned char dataResp;
//Block size is 512 bytes exactly
//First Lower SS
SD_CS=0;
//Then send write command
SdCommand(0x18,address,0xff);
if(SdResponse()==00)
{
SdWrite(0xff);
SdWrite(0xff);
SdWrite(0xff);
//command was a success - now send data
//start with DATA TOKEN = 0xFE
SdWrite(0xfe);
//now send data
//for(count=0;count
for(count=0;count
//for(count=0;count
for(;count<512;count++) SdWrite(0);
//data block sent - now send checksum
SdWrite(0xff); //兩字節(jié)CRC校驗(yàn), 為0XFFFF 表示不考慮CRC
SdWrite(0xff);
//Now read in the DATA RESPONSE token
dataResp=SdRead();
//Following the DATA RESPONSE token
//are a number of BUSY bytes
//a zero byte indicates the MMC is busy
while(SdRead()==0);
dataResp=dataResp&0x0f; //mask the high byte of the DATA RESPONSE token
SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
if(dataResp==0x0b)
{
//printf("DATA WAS NOT ACCEPTED BY CARD -- CRC ERROR\n");
return 0;
}
if(dataResp==0x05)
return 1;
//printf("Invalid data Response token.\n");
return 0;
}
//printf("Command 0x18 (Write) was not received by the MMC.\n");
return 0;
}
//從SD卡指定地址讀取數(shù)據(jù),一次最多512字節(jié)
unsigned char SdReadBlock(unsigned char *Block, unsigned long address,int len)
{
unsigned int count;
//Block size is 512 bytes exactly
//First Lower SS
//printf("MMC_read_block\n");
SD_CS=0;
//Then send write command
SdCommand(0x11,address,0xff);
if(SdResponse()==00)
{
//command was a success - now send data
//start with DATA TOKEN = 0xFE
while(SdRead()!=0xfe);
for(count=0;count
for(;count<512;count++) SdRead();
//data block sent - now send checksum
SdRead();
SdRead();
//Now read in the DATA RESPONSE token
SD_CS=1;
SdRead();
return 1;
}
//printf("Command 0x11 (Read) was not received by the MMC.\n");
return 0;
}
void initbaud(void)
{
TMOD=0X20;
TH1=0XFD;
TL1=0XFD;
PCON=0X00;
TR1=1;
SCON=0X50;//8位波特可變
//SCON=0X52;//8位波特可變 TI開(kāi)中斷
}
//=================================
//主程序
main()
{
unsigned int i;
unsigned long AddTemp=331264;//SD卡地址第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)物理地址初始值，可以用winhex查看，這里是641物理扇區(qū)，512x641=328192，根據(jù)實(shí)際SD卡內(nèi)容更改
delayms(5);
SdInit(); //SD卡初始化
while(1)
{
SdWriteBlock(AddTemp,512);
delayms(1000);
AddTemp=331264;
SdReadBlock(DATA,AddTemp,512);//每次讀出512字節(jié)放到緩沖區(qū)
initbaud();
for(i=0;i<512;i++)
{
SBUF=DATA[i];
while(!TI);
TI=0;
delayms(1);
}
while(KEY); //等待按鍵按下繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
}
}
可以在串口中看到SD卡中被寫(xiě)入的數(shù)據(jù)
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