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[導讀]最近切換到很久不用的centos還略有不適應，默認yum只能安裝mysql 5.1，需要升級又不想編譯。于是有了此文。? 具體文檔地址：1.?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysq

最近切換到很久不用的centos還略有不適應，默認yum只能安裝mysql 5.1，需要升級又不想編譯。于是有了此文。

? 具體文檔地址：

1.?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/5.6/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html?

2.??http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/

下面是我取其中的部分，完成安裝mysql 5.6 的過程

?1. 查看系統(tǒng)里面有沒有mysql 的repo

#?yum?repolist?all?|?grep?mysql
#

?2. 如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，則需要配置repo

? ?注意，如果要使用5.7 或者其他任何版本，只能有一個是?enabled=1的，其他的都得enabled=0。

#vim?/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
#?Enable?to?use?MySQL?5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL?5.6?Community?Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=

3. 再看看是否存在mysql的repo

#?yum?repolist?enabled?|?grep?mysql
mysql56-community?????MySQL?5.6?Community?Server?????????????????????????????214

? ?ok，說明已經(jīng)有了，下面就可以安裝mysql5.6了

4. 注意，

? ?可能想當然的以為是

#?yum?install?mysql56
//你只會得到
No?package?mysql56?available

? 實際上官方的安裝命令是?

?#?yum?install?mysql-community-server
?//但是，失敗了呢
?mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el6.x86_64.rpm?????|??53?MB?????00:10?????
?
warning:?rpmts_HdrFromFdno:?Header?V3?DSA/SHA1?Signature,?key?ID?5072e1f5:?NOKEY
Retrieving?key?from?file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
獲取?GPG?密鑰失敗：[Errno?14]?Could?not?open/read?file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

5.失敗乃成功的媽媽

? ? 從錯誤提示看：需要驗證 GnuPG 簽名，還好可以手動，毛主席說，自己動手豐衣足食嘛。

? ? 當然，還有一招，我們暫且不用：

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

? ?我們接下來按照錯誤處理過出來搞，把簽名先搞起來，參考地址：?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/checking-gpg-signature.html?

? ??

#?vim?/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql?
寫入如下內(nèi)容

-----BEGIN?PGP?PUBLIC?KEY?BLOCK-----
Version:?GnuPG?v1.4.9?(SunOS)
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Ht926s/ymfdf5HkdQ1cyvsz5tryVI3Fx78XeSYfQvuuwqp2H139pXGEkg0n6KdUO
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jHGNO1By4fUUmwCbBYr2+bBEn/L2BOcnw9Z/QFWuhRMAoKVgCFm5fadQ3Afi+UQl
AcOphrnJ
=443I
-----END?PGP?PUBLIC?KEY?BLOCK-----

rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM*? ?

好的，似乎ok了。我們再來一次吧，嘿嘿

#?yum?install?mysql-community-server

? ? 經(jīng)過一系列Y/N的選擇，進度條漂亮的到達了終點。

? ?至此，MySQL 5.6 成功的從yum安裝了呢 :-)

? ?啟動服務，開啟新的旅程吧。

四、mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的初始化及相關配置

我們在安裝完mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫以后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)會多出一個mysqld的服務，這個就是咱們的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務，我們通過輸入?service mysqld start?命令就可以啟動我們的mysql服務。

注意：如果我們是第一次啟動mysql服務，mysql服務器首先會進行初始化的配置，如：

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?service?mysqld?start

初始化?MySQL?數(shù)據(jù)庫：?WARNING:?The?host?'xiaoluo'?could?not?be?looked?up?with?resolveip.
This?probably?means?that?your?libc?libraries?are?not?100?%?compatible
with?this?binary?MySQL?version.?The?MySQL?daemon,?mysqld,?should?work
normally?with?the?exception?that?host?name?resolving?will?not?work.
This?means?that?you?should?use?IP?addresses?instead?of?hostnames
when?specifying?MySQL?privileges?!
Installing?MySQL?system?tables...
OK
Filling?help?tables...
OK

To?start?mysqld?at?boot?time?you?have?to?copy
support-files/mysql.server?to?the?right?place?for?your?system

PLEASE?REMEMBER?TO?SET?A?PASSWORD?FOR?THE?MySQL?root?USER?!
To?do?so,?start?the?server,?then?issue?the?following?commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?-h?xiaoluo?password?'new-password'

Alternatively?you?can?run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which?will?also?give?you?the?option?of?removing?the?test
databases?and?anonymous?user?created?by?default.??This?is
strongly?recommended?for?production?servers.

See?the?manual?for?more?instructions.

You?can?start?the?MySQL?daemon?with:
cd?/usr?;?/usr/bin/mysqld_safe?&

You?can?test?the?MySQL?daemon?with?mysql-test-run.pl
cd?/usr/mysql-test?;?perl?mysql-test-run.pl

Please?report?any?problems?with?the?/usr/bin/mysqlbug?script!

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[確定]
正在啟動?mysqld：????????????????????????????????????????????[確定]

這時我們會看到第一次啟動mysql服務器以后會提示非常多的信息，目的就是對mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫進行初始化操作，當我們再次重新啟動mysql服務時，就不會提示這么多信息了，如：

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?service?mysqld?restart
停止?mysqld：?????????????????????????????????????????????[確定]
正在啟動?mysqld：??????????????????????????????????????????[確定]

我們在使用mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫時，都得首先啟動mysqld服務，我們可以通過??chkconfig --list | grep mysqld?命令來查看mysql服務是不是開機自動啟動，如：

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?chkconfig?--list?|?grep?mysqld
mysqld?????????????0:關閉????1:關閉????2:關閉????3:關閉????4:關閉????5:關閉????6:關閉

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)mysqld服務并沒有開機自動啟動，我們當然可以通過?chkconfig mysqld on?命令來將其設置成開機啟動，這樣就不用每次都去手動啟動了

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?chkconfig?mysqld?on
[root@xiaoluo?~]#?chkconfig?--list?|?grep?mysql
mysqld?????????????0:關閉????1:關閉????2:啟用????3:啟用????4:啟用????5:啟用????6:關閉

mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝完以后只會有一個root管理員賬號，但是此時的root賬號還并沒有為其設置密碼，在第一次啟動mysql服務時，會進行數(shù)據(jù)庫的一些初始化工作，在輸出的一大串信息中，我們看到有這樣一行信息：

/usr/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'new-password'　　//?為root賬號設置密碼

所以我們可以通過該命令來給我們的root賬號設置密碼(注意：這個root賬號是mysql的root賬號，非Linux的root賬號)

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'root'　　//?通過該命令給root賬號設置密碼為?root

此時我們就可以通過?mysql -u root -p?命令來登錄我們的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫了

五、mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的主要配置文件

1./etc/my.cnf?這是mysql的主配置文件

我們可以查看一下這個文件的一些信息

[root@xiaoluo?etc]#?ls?my.cnf?
my.cnf
[root@xiaoluo?etc]#?cat?my.cnf?
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
#?Disabling?symbolic-links?is?recommended?to?prevent?assorted?security?risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

2./var/lib/mysql?? mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件存放位置

我們的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件通常是存放在了/ver/lib/mysql這個目錄下

[root@xiaoluo?~]#?cd?/var/lib/mysql/
[root@xiaoluo?mysql]#?ls?-l
總用量?20488
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql?10485760?4月???6?22:01?ibdata1
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql??5242880?4月???6?22:01?ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql??5242880?4月???6?21:59?ib_logfile1
drwx------.?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?4月???6?21:59?mysql　　//?這兩個是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝時默認的兩個數(shù)據(jù)庫文件
srwxrwxrwx.?1?mysql?mysql????????0?4月???6?22:01?mysql.sock
drwx------.?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?4月???6?21:59?test　　//?這兩個是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝時默認的兩個數(shù)據(jù)庫文件

我們可以自己創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，來驗證一下該數(shù)據(jù)庫文件的存放位置

創(chuàng)建一個我們自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫：
mysql>?create?database?xiaoluo;
Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

[root@xiaoluo?mysql]#?ls?-l
總用量?20492
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql?10485760?4月???6?22:01?ibdata1
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql??5242880?4月???6?22:01?ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----.?1?mysql?mysql??5242880?4月???6?21:59?ib_logfile1
drwx------.?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?4月???6?21:59?mysql
srwxrwxrwx.?1?mysql?mysql????????0?4月???6?22:01?mysql.sock
drwx------.?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?4月???6?21:59?test
drwx------.?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?4月???6?22:15?xiaoluo　　//?這個就是我們剛自己創(chuàng)建的xiaoluo數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@xiaoluo?mysql]#?cd?xiaoluo/
[root@xiaoluo?xiaoluo]#?ls
db.opt

3./var/log?mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的日志輸出存放位置

我們的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的一些日志輸出存放位置都是在/var/log這個目錄下

[root@xiaoluo?xiaoluo]#?cd?
[root@xiaoluo?~]#?cd?/var/log
[root@xiaoluo?log]#?ls
amanda????????????????cron???????????maillog-20130331???spice-vdagent.log
anaconda.ifcfg.log????cron-20130331??mcelog?????????????spooler
anaconda.log??????????cups???????????messages???????????spooler-20130331
anaconda.program.log??dirsrv?????????messages-20130331??sssd
anaconda.storage.log??dmesg??????????mysqld.log?????????tallylog
anaconda.syslog???????dmesg.old??????ntpstats???????????tomcat6
anaconda.xlog?????????dracut.log?????piranha????????????wpa_supplicant.log
anaconda.yum.log??????gdm????????????pm-powersave.log???wtmp
audit?????????????????httpd??????????ppp????????????????Xorg.0.log
boot.log??????????????ibacm.log??????prelink????????????Xorg.0.log.old
btmp??????????????????lastlog????????sa?????????????????Xorg.1.log
btmp-20130401?????????libvirt????????samba??????????????Xorg.2.log
cluster???????????????luci???????????secure?????????????Xorg.9.log
ConsoleKit????????????maillog????????secure-20130331????yum.log

其中mysqld.log 這個文件就是我們存放我們跟mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫進行操作而產(chǎn)生的一些日志信息，通過查看該日志文件，我們可以從中獲得很多信息

因為我們的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫是可以通過網(wǎng)絡訪問的，并不是一個單機版數(shù)據(jù)庫，其中使用的協(xié)議是 tcp/ip 協(xié)議，我們都知道m(xù)ysql數(shù)據(jù)庫綁定的端口號是 3306 ，所以我們可以通過?netstat -anp?命令來查看一下，Linux系統(tǒng)是否在監(jiān)聽 3306 這個端口號：

結果如上所示，Linux系統(tǒng)監(jiān)聽的3306端口號就是我們的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫?。。?！